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It's quite intuitive that changing things in the synapse is going to change neurotransmission (i.e., your "chemical balance").
Figure: Closer diagram of two neurons meeting at the synapse. ENLARGEMENT
Now, that diagram is hella confusing, right?
Here you see different labels: Receptors, neurotransmitters, vesicles, and ion channels. Amongst other things! Of course, all of them (except for the vesicles) are either proteins or modified amino acids. The real question truly relates to exactly how these messages are conveyed once neurotransmitters are released into the synapse, and how we can change these messages using drugs.
